There are several ways to propagate a plant. One common way is to germinate a seed from the plant. A second common way is to generate a "clone" of the plant. Each has advantages and disadvantages.
Propagating with seeds
This a very simple method. The disadvantage is you can't quite predict what you are going to get. Like kids, the offspring will be a genetic makeup of the parents. Also, not all seeds will germinate. The procedure is simple: plant a seed, or germinate a seed first and then plant it.
Cloning Basics
This is a more exact way to reproduce a plant. As with animals, cloning means to make an exact genetic copy of the original. With animals, a cell is used to transfer the genetic information and is grown into a copy of the original.
With plants the process is a bit simpler. A small cutting of the Mother plant is rooted and grown into an exact copy of the Mother. Much easier than Animals, but not as easy as it sounds. There is a real art to this process. Commercial nurseries achieve a success rate over 90%, but it depends what you are trying to clone. Soft tissue plants like Pathos are very easy. Woody stemmed plants like roses are much harder.